Colombo the contested place of cr studies for improperly grouping lan born within the frame of applied linguistics and secondlanguage acquisition, contrastive rhetoric cr is an interdisciplinary field that has led to some very productive. The notion of genre in contrastive rhetoric in previous contrastive rhetorical research, most genrespecific investigations have dealt with expository prose, including journal articles, business reports, letters of application, grant proposals, and newspaper commentaries. Contrastive rhetoric began in 1966 as ulla connor contrastive rhetoric and contrastive analysis are both fields of. Nov, 2012 contrastive rhetoric research shows that different cultures have different expectations of writing and that these different expectations are internalized as different patterns of discourse. Conner ulla contrastive rhetoric cross cultural aspects of. Journal of english for academic purposes connor, 2004a. Cohesion and coherence in translation theory and pedagogy1 abstract. A contrastive analysis of the american and persian. This book synthesizes the findings of contrastive rhetoric research up to the mid1990s and explores its relationship with other disciplines such as composition, text linguistics, translation studies, and genre studies. This article discusses some of the new directions contrastive rhetoric has taken. Contrastive rhetoric pdf adobe drm can be read on any.
Contrastive rhetoric research shows that different cultures have different expectations of writing and that these different expectations are internalized as different patterns of discourse. I then address criticisms of contrastive rhetoric and their relation to changing directions in the eld. An empirical demonstration of contrastive rhetoric. Contrastive rhetoric has become an independent field of research matsuda 2003 and one of the most widely studied areas within second language writing. They may also wonder why intercultural rhetoric, the latest incarnation of what was. Kubota and lehner 2004 indicated that the discipline has. Connor, ulla the book is an introduction to the field of contrastive rhetoric, an area of research in second language learning that identifies learners problems in composition and attempts to explain them by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language. The book presents a comprehensive set of empirical investigations involving a number of first languages. Contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and his or her culture influence.
Contrastive rhetoric revisited and redefined sets out to expand the possible uses of contrastive rhetoric. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of contrastive rhetoric. Crosscultural aspects of second language writing cambridge applied linguistics series by ulla m. These new directions involve innovative views of culture, literacy, and critical pedagogy and have a major impact on the research agenda of contrastive rhetoric. This paper attempts to call attention to the role of cohesion and coherence in translation, and makes suggestions for introducing those. Each of the chapters provides a useful overview of a key topic in second language writing, identifying the major theoretical issues, surveying research. This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any.
Implications for the current teaching of english writing at universities in japan ferred patterns of writing are genre dependent. Cohesion and coherence in translation theory and pedagogy. In addressing the critiques, she aimed to draw attention to the broad scope of contrastive rhetoric and determined that a new term would better encompass the essence of contrastive rhetoric in its current state. New directions in contrastive rhetoric abstract contrastive rhetoric examines differences and similarities in writing across cultures. Robert kaplans seminal article on writing by learners of english as a second language. Aristotle the art of rhetoric 9 moral purpose, a dialectician in respect, not of his moral purpose, but of his faculty.
Liebman, 1992 call old con trastive rhetoric, while failing to evolve with the subsequent development of new contrastive rhetoric research. Connor draws on this research to provide sound advice for dealing with crosscultural issues in a variety of second language writing contexts. Skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in. Journal of panpacific association of applied linguistics, 172, 122.
In a 2002 article, connor attempted to address these criticisms and to offer new directions for a viable contrastive rhetoric. Edited by ulla connor, ed nagelhout, and william rozycki find, read and cite. First of all, contrastive text linguistics, which compares. Contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and his or her culture influence writing in a second language or how a common language is used among different cultures. Although its initial impetus was linguistic analysis of written texts in collegelevel academic contexts, contrastive rhetoric has expanded its focus to the exploration of various genres, disciplines, and composing processes, as summarized by a pioneering monograph on contrastive rhetoric research by connor 1996. Development of contrastive rhetoric studies for years after the introduction of the idea of contrastive rhetoric little progress was made in this type of text analysis. Toward critical contrastive rhetoric sciencedirect.
Ethnocentrism in the case of english1 contrastive rhetoric hypothesis lies on the more general sapirwhorf hypothesis of linguistic relativism kaplan 1972. Contrastive rhetoric has been growing since 1966 and nobody had taken care of setting down its theoretical foundations and its reserch methodology until ulla connor has done it. Connor and lauer 1988 conducted an intercultural contrastive study of persuasive writing by highschool students from america, england and new zealand. Invention in rhetoric and composition ties together some of our most ancient and modern thinking, it is especially fitting that this book initiates the reference guides to rhetoric and composition, which will attempt to bring together the wide range of learning applicable to learning to write at all levels of education and in all settings. The theories include those of applied linguistics, linguistic relativity, rhetoric, text linguistics, discourse types and genres, literacy, and translation. View contrastive rhetoric research papers on academia. The early contrastive rhetoricbased pedagogy, however, uncritically accepted what some researchers e. Rhetorical conventions like organization and the perceived role of the audience are important considerations and differ across cultures. Contrastive rhetoric and contrastive analysis are both fields of study in applied linguistics, which have contributed to the. Let us now try to give some account of the systematic principles of rhetoric itself of the right method and means of succeeding in the object we set before us. Like other titles in the cambridge applied linguistic series, contrastive rhetoric is clearly organised to allow both the lay teacher and the specialist in second language writing ease of access to specific information whilst also being a satisfying cover to cover read. Pdf new directions in contrastive rhetoric semantic.
In a highly influential monograph on the subject, connor 1996 lists four areas in which recent contrastive rhetoric has expanded. Pdf on dec 23, 2008, will baker and others published contrastive rhetoric. Connor is available at in several formats for your ereader. Four chapters provide ethnographies and observations about contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of efl and esl. As a result, contrastive rhetoric henceforth, cr has invariably established itself as a viable object of linguistic inquiry and secured for itself a niche in the field of applied linguistics. In terms of research methodologies, contrastive rhetoric studies have drawn. Ulla connor s book is further testimony to that fact.
Initiated almost thirty years ago by the american applied linguist robert kaplan, contrastive rhetoric maintains that language and writing are. Ir examines the influences of first language, culture, and education on. In a brief description of the writing process, the questions of appropriate topics, acceptable evidence and effective organization are discussed and culturally. A vital component in contrastive rhetoric research ulla connor indiana universitypurdue university. New directions in contrastive rhetoric connor 2002. Paper presented at the british educational research association annual conference, university of warwick, 69 september 2006. As a direct consequence, each language has rhetorical conventions unique to it.
Displaying critical thinking in efl academic writing. Reviews research on contrastive rhetoric over the past 30 years and examines how contrastive rhetoric has been pursued with varying aims and methods in a variety of englishasaforeignlanguage efl situations involving academic and professional writing. The cornerstone of contrastive rhetoric the theory of contrastive rhetoric was originated from the theory of linguistic relativity, called the sapirwhorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity or the whorfian hypothesis, which suggests that different languages affect perception and thought in different ways connor, 1996. Reaching to intercultural rhetoric ulla connor indiana university. We employ rhetoric whether were conscious of it or not, but becoming conscious of how. Cambridge university press writing ulla connor frontmatter. Booklength treatment of the subject includes connor s 1996a contrastive rhetoric. Although mainly concerned in its first thirty years with student essay writing, the field of study today contributes to knowledge about preferred patterns of writing in many englishforspecificpurposes situations. Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in second language acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by second language writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them. Connor draws on this research to provide sound advice for dealing with crosscultural issues in a variety.
A grand theory of contrastive rhetoric of the sort that kaplan envisioned may not be forthcoming but the following bibliography should provide the researcher interested in. In contrastive rhetoric the concept of tertium comparationis or common platform of comparison is. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural anthropology, translation studies, and text linguistics. Classroombased contrastive studies examine crosscultural patterns in proc 1996 contrastive rhetoric. Contrastive rhetoric examines differences and similarities in writing across cultures. The term was first coined by the american applied linguist robert kaplan in 1966 to denote eclecticism and subsequent growth of collective knowledge in certain languages. The most influential specialist on cr together with robert b. Cambridge core elt applied linguistics contrastive rhetoric by ulla m. The notions of genre and microgenre in contrastive. Despite the amount of work on contrastive rhetoric, doubt remains and revolves around its most basic tenets. Kaplan this chapter begins by discussing the concept and origins of the term contrastive rhetoric. Although mainly concerned with student essay writing in its e rst 30 years, the area of study today contributes to knowledge about preferred patterns of writing in many english for specie c purposes situations. Oct 04, 2011 language and rhetoric reflect culture, and this video discusses argumentation strategies from around the world. Intercultural rhetoric ir, previously called contrastive rhetoric cr1, is the study of written discourse between and among individuals with different cultural backgrounds connor, 2011, p.
Conner ulla contrastive rhetoric cross cultural aspects of second language from engl 2010 at utah valley university. Pdf contrastive rhetoric download read online free. It starts out with the familiar and then keeps pushing the reader into going further into understanding what possible uses there are for this type of exploration. Why intercultural rhetoric needs critical and corpusbased approaches. Understanding contrastive rhetoric well makes people realize explicitly how. Based on the principles of critical discourse analysis this contrastive study sought to investigate the effect of culture on the journalistic style and the strategies used to report news in the. Those contrastive rhetoric studies regarding other languages will be investigated in a further study. Language and rhetoric reflect culture, and this video discusses argumentation strategies from around the world. Understanding contrastive rhetoric well makes people realize explicitly how writing in different languages works.
Kaplan in connor, 1996 reasserted that contrastive rhetoric was not meant as a teaching. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural anthropology. Cultural differences in writing have been studied extensively within the field of contrastive rhetoric cr since kaplans, 1966 study see connor, 1996, connor, 2002, connor, 2003 for overviews. Preference for rhetorical structure depends on ones first language marcus taft, denisse kacanas, winnie huen, and ramony chan abstract english written texts were produced by a group of monolingual speakers, as well as chineseenglish and spanishenglish bilinguals.
The theory of contrastive rhetoric was first introduced by kaplan 1966 as a solution to the challenges learners experience in the organisational structures of a second language, also known as l2. Journal of second language writing vol 25, pages 1122. During the 1970s the development of text linguistics or discourse analysis might. Yet, contrastive rhetoric has not been a field free of criticism. Directions in contrastive rhetoric research university of reading. Eric ej662865 new directions in contrastive rhetoric. Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in secondlanguage acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by secondlanguage writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them connor 1996. Connor, 1996b and recently another special issue in. Exploring the dynamics of second language writing is a timely collection of original papers surveying theory, research, and practice in the teaching of second language writing. An introduction diane belcher and gayle nelson some who see the title of our book for the first time may well wonder why critical and corpusbased approaches would be combined in one volume. Why intercultural rhetoric needs critical and corpusbased. Contrastive rhetoric research began nearly 40 years ago with. Contrastive rhetoric isbn 9780521441452 pdf epub ebookmall. A discussion of japanese to english contrastive rhetoric pdf.
Academic writing involves more than using correct grammar. Cambridge university press 9780521446884 contrastive rhetoric. Intercultural rhetoric and espeap ulla connor, phd chancellors professor of english, indiana universitypurdue university indianapolis barbara e. English language teacher education and contrastive rhetoric laura m. The first thing that students need to know about rhetoric, then, is that its all around us in conversation, in movies, in advertisements and books, in body language, and in art. Chapter 2 contrastive rhetoric and studies of chinese and english. This volume explores the field of contrastive rhetoric, the stu. However, pedagogical applications of cr research have received much less attention. Evidence from the english expository writings of chinese efl learners and their teachers writing instruction.
This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any previously staked ground. The early contrastive rhetoric based pedagogy, however, uncritically accepted what some researchers e. Accordingly all men make use, more or less, of both. A contrastive analysis of the american and persian newspaper editorials.
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